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This volume offers a broad, philosophical discussion on mechanical explanations. Coverage ranges from historical approaches and general questions to physics and higher-level sciences . The contributors also consider the topics of complexity, emergence, and reduction. Mechanistic explanations detail how certain properties of a whole stem from the causal activities of its parts. This kind of explanation is in particular employed in explanatory models of the behavior of complex systems. Often used in biology and neuroscience, mechanistic explanation models have been often overlooked in the philosophy of physics. The authors correct this surprising neglect. They trace these models back to their origins in physics. The papers present a comprehensive historical, methodological, and problem-oriented investigation. The contributors also investigate the conditions for using models of mechanistic explanations in physics. The last papers make the bridge from physics to economics, the theory of complex systems and computer science . This book will appeal to graduate students and researchers with an interest in the philosophy of science, scientific explanation, complex systems, models of explanation in physics higher level sciences, and causal mechanisms in science.

Mathematics-Philosophy. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Philosophy (General). --- Computer science. --- Philosophy of Mathematics. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- History of Philosophy. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- Informatics --- Science --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Mathematics—Philosophy. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Philosophy. --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities

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This book is a product of the Third International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Statistics (iCMS2017) to be held in Langkawi in November 2017. It is divided into four sections according to the thrust areas: Computer Science, Mathematics, Statistics, and Multidisciplinary Applications. All sections sought to confront current issues that society faces today. The book brings collectively quantitative, as well as qualitative, research methods that are also suitable for future research undertakings. Researchers in Computer Science, Mathematics and Statistics can use this book as a sourcebook to enrich their research works.

Computer science. --- Mathematical statistics. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- Statistics and Computing/Statistics Programs. --- Mathematical Applications in Computer Science. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Mathematics --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Informatics --- Science --- Statistical methods --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Statistics . --- Computer mathematics. --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical science --- Econometrics

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This monograph deals with theoretical aspects and numerical simulations of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with nonlinear materials. It focuses in particular on media with nonlinear polarization properties. It addresses the direct problem of nonlinear Electrodynamics, that is to understand the nonlinear behavior in the induced polarization and to analyze or even to control its impact on the propagation of electromagnetic fields in the matter. The book gives a comprehensive presentation of the results obtained by the authors during the last decade and put those findings in a broader, unified context and extends them in several directions. It is divided into eight chapters and three appendices. Chapter 1 starts from the Maxwell’s equations and develops a wave propagation theory in plate-like media with nonlinear polarizability. In chapter 2 a theoretical framework in terms of weak solutions is given in order to prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the semilinear boundary-value problem derived in the first chapter. Chapter 3 presents a different approach to the solvability theory of the reduced frequency-domain model. Here the boundary-value problem is reduced to finding solutions of a system of one-dimensional nonlinear Hammerstein integral equations. Chapter 4 describes an approach to the spectral analysis of the linearized system of integral equations. Chapters 5 and 6 are devoted to the numerical approximation of the solutions of the corresponding mathematical models. Chapter 7 contains detailed descriptions, discussions and evaluations of the numerical experiments. Finally, chapter 8 gives a summary of the results and an outlook for future work.

Scattering (Physics) --- Computer science. --- Optical materials. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Solid State Physics. --- Engineering Mathematics. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Optics --- Materials --- Informatics --- Science --- Mathematics --- Physics. --- Computer mathematics. --- Electronic materials. --- Solid state physics. --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Physics --- Solids --- Electronic materials --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics

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This book outlines the scientific career of Arto Salomaa, a pioneer in theoretical computer science and mathematics. The author first interviewed the subject and his family and collaborators, and he then researched this fascinating biography of an intellectual who was key in the development of these fields. Early chapters progress chronologically from Academician Salomaa's origins, childhood, and education to his professional successes in science, teaching, and publishing. His most impactful direct research efforts have been in the areas of automata and formal languages. Beyond that he has influenced many more scientists and professionals through collaborations, teaching, and books on topics such as biocomputing and cryptography. The author offers insights into Finnish history, culture, and academia, while historians of computer science will appreciate the vignettes describing some of the people who have shaped the field from the 1950s to today. The author and his subject return throughout to underlying themes such as the importance of family and the value of longstanding collegial relationships, while the work and achievements are leavened with humor and references to interests such as music, sport, and the sauna.

Computer science. --- Information theory. --- History of Computing. --- Theory of Computation. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- Discrete Mathematics. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- Informatics --- Science --- Computers. --- Mathematics. --- History. --- Discrete mathematics. --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Discrete mathematical structures --- Mathematical structures, Discrete --- Structures, Discrete mathematical --- Numerical analysis --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Math --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Mathematicians --- Salomaa, Arto. --- Scientists --- Salomaa, A.

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These transactions publish research in computer-based methods of computational collective intelligence (CCI) and their applications in a wide range of fields such as performance optimization in IoT, big data, reliability, privacy, security, service selection, QoS and machine learning. This thirty-fourth issue contains 12 selected papers which present new findings and innovative methodologies as well as discuss issues and challenges in the field of collective intelligence in group decision making with special emphasize given to voting theory, power indices and graphs while addressing elections, social choices, IoT and allocation algorithms.

Computational intelligence. --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Artificial intelligence. --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction --- Computer science --- Mathematics.